They will almost always occur in root position, and they resolve by root movement up a step, usually to a diatonic chord. When part-writing, double the third of the chord of resolution. This is just like a deceptive cadence, moving V7--vi (or VI) in some temporary key.
Click music to hear these examples.
Fairly uncommon, these include root movement by third or down a second, along with other possibilities.
An approximate hierarchy of rules not to break:
- No parallel fifths or octaves.
- 7th resolves down (unless smooth, stepwise voice leading overrides it).
In general, use smooth, stepwise motion. You can use incomplete Mm7ths, if needed. Keep common tones whenever possible.
Click music to hear these examples.
Generally by circle of 5ths, as shown below.
Click music to hear these examples.