Sectional Variations

• General:
  1. Usually identified by the title "Theme and Variations"
  2. This form becomes more prevalent in the Classical period, but earlier examples do exist.

• The Theme:
  1. The theme is a closed form, either some periodic structure or a small-part form.
  2. Often times the theme is in binary or rounded binary form.
  3. The theme usually has a very clear melodic idea, with easily recognizable melodic and rhythmic motives, usually not very complex.
  4. Based on a relatively clear harmonic plan

• The Variations:
  1. Each variation typically alters only a limited number of the theme's basic parameters.
  2. The variations often get more complex as the composition progresses.
  3. Elements most likely to be retained in each variation:
     • Form
     • Basic key plan
     • Basic harmonic structure
     • Structural melodic pitches

  4. Elements most likely to change radically from variation to variation:
     • Texture
     • Melodic figuration

  5. Elements most likely to see occasional change:
     • Meter
     • Tempo
     • Surface harmonic progression
     • Mode

• Analytical Considerations:
  1. Study the theme carefully. What is it's form? What melodic and rhythmic characteristics are important?
  2. Are there any aspects of the motives, rhythm, harmonic rhythm, etc., that play an important role as the variations proceed?
  3. How do the motives in each variation relate to the theme?
  4. Is each variation fixed melodically, harmonically, or both?
  5. Does the key or mode change in any variation? If so, how does it affect the overall structure?
  6. What is the overall shape of the composition? Are there any linking passages between variations? Are the variations grouped based on melodic, rhythmic, textural, or some other elements?